Adult Congenital Heart Disease in India -

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Adult Congenital Heart Disease: Overview

Adult congenital heart disease (CHD) is a type of defect in one or more structures of the heart or the blood vessels that occur before the birth. Adults with CHD falls under two categories: patients who have been recognized, treated and followed during the paediatric years and subsequently require the follow-up during the adulthood and previously unrecognized adults who may or may not be symptomatic at the time of diagnosis.

Despite the complexity of the patient population suffering from CHD and a well-defined requirement for the subspecialty care, the average adult with CHD is followed by a generalist. Therefore, it is necessary that the physicians must be familiar with the unique clinical presentations of these patients and have the general understanding to facilitate the proper timing of treatments and surgical interventions.

What are the Types of Adult Congenital Heart Disease?

The most common congenital heart disease that affects adults are:

Congenital Valve defects
Pulmonary Hypertension
Atrial and Ventricular Septal Defects
Patent Foramen Ovale
Anomalous Pulmonary Veins
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Coarctation of the Aorta (CoA)
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
Ebstein Anomaly
Pulmonary Artery Stenosis
Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA)

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Causes:

Researchers aren’t exactly sure about what causes the congenital heart diseases, but they think certain medical conditions, medications and genetics may play a role in the beginning of the defects in heart.

Risk Factors of Adult Congenital Heart Disease:

It is estimated that, there are about 750,000 adults with Congenital Heart Disease in the United States. Often, the congenital heart disease results from the problems arising during your development, usually before you were born. Certain environmental factors and genetics may play an important role in the development of your heart defect. These include the following:

Diabetes
German Measles (rubella)
Medications
Heredity

Symptoms of Adult Congenital Heart Disease:

In adults, the symptoms of the congenital heart disease include the following:

Poor exercise tolerance
Shortness of breath
A bluish tint to the skin
Dizziness or fainting
Abnormal heart rhythms
Swelling of the body tissue or organs

If you experience worrisome symptoms like chest pain or breathlessness, then seek immediate medical help.

Diagnosis and Treatments for Adult Congenital Heart Disease:

If your doctor thinks that you have a congenital heart disease, then he or she will perform a physical exam by listening to your heartbeat with a stethoscope. The possible tests to diagnose the CHD in adults includes the following:

Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Echocardiogram
Chest X-ray
Cardiac Catherization
Cardiac CT scan or MRI scan
Exercise stress test
Transesophageal Echocardiogram
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans
Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)

Treatments for Adult Congenital Heart Disease:

Treatment options for the adult congenital heart disease varies as per the severity of the CHD. Your doctor may recommend the following treatments for the congenital heart disease:

Regular checkups: The minor heart defects may only require periodic checkups with your doctor to ensure that your condition doesn’t worsen.

Medications: Mild congenital heart defects can be treated with medications that help the heart to work efficiently. The doctor may prescribe you medications to prevent the blood from clotting and helps to control an irregular heartbeat.

Implantable heart devices: A pacemaker is a device to control your heart rate. An implantable cardioverter-defibrillator or ICD will correct the life-threatening irregular heartbeats. Thus, the implantable heart devices are used to help the complications linked with the CHD.

Special Procedures using Catheters: Some CHDs can be repaired using the catherization techniques that allow repairs to be done without opening the chest and heart surgically. During these procedures, the doctor inserts a thin tube or a catheter into a leg vein and guide it to the heart with the help of X-ray images. Once the thin tube is positioned at the site of the defect, the tiny tools are threaded through the catheter into the heart for repairing the defects.

Open Heart Surgery: Your doctor may recommend open-heart surgery, if the catheter procedures aren’t enough to fix the heart defects.

Heart Transplant: Heart transplant will be recommended for adults with serious heart defects.

Why consider India for treating the Adult Congenital Heart Disease?

India has a world-class facility specializing in providing the comprehensive care for adults with simple and complex congenital heart disease. The Indian surgeons are well-qualified and experienced in performing the cardiological interventions and complex open heart surgery. The hospitals in India have a well accomplished team of professionals that provide excellent medical care and are available to the patients all round the clock.

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